Entry 2
Item 1: Bias in media
Type of bias: Discrimination
Analysis: “We
serve white’s only” - This statement shows a discrimination between the white
and the black. It is racism.
Item 2: Bias in research
Obesity as an independent risk factor for infectious
morbidity in patients who undergo cesarean delivery.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Our purpose was to evaluate obesity (body mass index greater
than 30.0) as an independent risk factor for infectious morbidity in women
having elective or nonelective cesarean deliveries.
METHODS:
Charts of 611 patients undergoing cesarean were reviewed.
After exclusion of those with pre-existing chorioamnionitis, 574 cases were
separated into two groups (elective or nonelective cesarean) and then
subdivided based on the presence or not of postdelivery infectious morbidity.
Estimated blood loss, operative time, number of vaginal examinations, labor
length, use of internal monitors, body mass index (BMI), and obesity (BMI
greater than 30.0) were then recorded. Student t test, chi(2), multivariate
analysis, and receiver operating characteristics curves were used where
appropriate (significance: P <.05).
RESULTS:
The mean gestational age at delivery was 38.3 weeks. Three
hundred sixty patients had nonelective cesareans, and 214 had elective
cesareans. Prophylactic antibiotics were used for 86.6% of the nonelective
group and 75.2% of the elective group. In the nonelective group and after
multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for postoperative infections
were as follows: labor length (18.4 hours versus 10.9, P <.003), number of
vaginal examinations (6.1 versus 4.5, P <.001), BMI (36.6 versus 32.3, P <.001),
and obesity (81.8% versus 57.3%, P <.001). For the elective group, a higher
BMI (38.9 versus 32.2, P <.003), and black race (63.2% versus 11.5%, P
<.001) were found to be significant.
CONCLUSION:
Our data suggest that obesity is a independent risk factor for
postcesarean infectious morbidity and endomyometritis, even if the cesarean is
elective and prophylactic antibiotics are given.
Type of bias:
Assumption
Analysis: This
research is conducted by reviewing charts of 611 patients undergoing cesarean,
which is limited because the number of participants is quite small, compared
with the total number in the world. Therefore, the conclusion is based on
limited knowledge of the fact.
Item 3: Bias in politic
Type of bias: Scapegoating
Analysis: In
the first newspaper, along with the news “Bush wins”, there is a title below
“Country divided”. In contrast, The News sets the title “Country united” below
the news “Obama wins”. It is obvious that The News considers Bush to be
responsible for the division of the United
State
its a good point that all of your items is in English.
Trả lờiXóaI agree with you in all type of bias.
good job!
^^
your item is similar to the text in book. In my opinion you should try to find another different. By the way, your first item is impressive and i totally agree with your opinion. Good job
Trả lờiXóain your item 2. why don't you show your evidence which lead your item related to Assumption... I think in this article, you can use "The result" that highlight the type of bias of this article
Trả lờiXóaHi Huyen. I would like to have a small comment on your first item. I think the picture is the discrimination not only between the white and the black but also between the white and the rest skin colors like the yellow and the red.
Trả lờiXóa